Reflecting the ravages of war and the mass migration in the 16–18th century, the ethnic-language structure of the Carpathian Basin changed fundamentally. The ratio of Hungarians had probably decreased to one-third by the end of the 18th century (from an estimated two-thirds at the end of the 15th century). According to the census (1784–1784) in the time of Joseph II, there were 9.4 million people in the Carpathian Basin, and probably only 3.2 million of them spoke Hungarian. The maps show the estimate of linguistic majorities at settlement level on the basis of ecclesiastical registers, gazetteers and monographs, which also contained contemporary language and religious data. The main linguistic majorities are shown by simple area colours on the whole area of the country. The borderlines of uninhabited areas and areas without permanent settlements were drawn after the maps of the first military survey carried out over the countries of the Hungarian Crown in 1769–1785.